Citation Guides — Page 2

Learn how to format Chicago footnotes: full first note, shortened note, and bibliography entry, with superscript numbers, Ibid. rules, and worked examples.

How to format an APA title page in APA 7: student vs professional layout, title, author, affiliation, running head, author note, font, and spacing rules.

What does et al mean? It is Latin for "and others." Learn the correct punctuation, italics rule, and when to use et al. for 3+ authors in APA and MLA.

Learn how to format an MLA works cited page in MLA 9: alphabetical order, hanging indent, double spacing, the nine core elements, and example entries.

Learn how MLA in text citation works in MLA 9: (Author page) with no comma or year. Covers et al., no author, no page numbers, qtd. in, and block quotes.

Learn how to format a block quote in APA, MLA, and Chicago: length thresholds, 0.5 inch indent, no quotation marks, double spacing, and citation placement.

Learn how to cite Wikipedia in APA, MLA, and Chicago. Use the permanent link, the last-edited date, and retrieval dates, with worked examples for each style.

Learn how to cite social media in APA, MLA, and Chicago. Worked examples for Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook posts with handles, descriptors, dates, and URLs.

Learn how to cite an encyclopedia or dictionary entry in APA, MLA, and Chicago, with print and online examples, named and unnamed authors, and retrieval dates.

Learn how to cite a tweet in APA, MLA, and Chicago. Handle vs. real name, post text as title, date, @username, and URL, with worked examples for X (Twitter).